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Katz (Ed.), Current topics in early childhood education (Vol. Can education be made “intrinsically interesting” to children? In L. Cambridge, MA: Abt Books.Ĭondry, J., & Koslowski, B. Encouraging girls in mathematics: The problem and the solution. Journal of Early Adolescence, 3 105–120.īrush, L. The adjustment of early adolescents to school transitions. The self system in reciprocal determinism. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.īandura, A. Personality: A psychological interpretation. What is a trait of personality? Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 25 368–372.Īllport, G. situation-specific approaches.Īllport, G. Discussion focused on the larger issues involving trait- vs. change over time where three groups were also identified. A similar analysis was applied to consistency vs.
However, for the second and third groups, motivational orientation does appear to be trait-like since children consistently report the same orientation across academic subjects. It was concluded that for the first group, motivational orientation does not function as a trait, but rather is specific to the academic content. Questions designed to assess motivational orientation in each of four academic subjects (math, social studies, English, and science) revealed three types of students: (a) those that were intrinsic in some subjects but extrinsic in others, (b) those that were intrinsic in all school subjects, and (c) those that were extrinsic in all school subjects. In the present study we investigated the hypothesis that such children may be intrinsically motivated in some school subjects but extrinsically motivated in others. Such a pattern could only result from a majority of children endorsing both intrinsic and extrinsic items. Previous instruments employing question formats that pit an intrinsic orientation against an extrinsic orientation typically result in normal distributions around the midpoint of the scale. extrinsic motivation should be conceptualized as a trait among elementary school students. The present study questioned whether intrinsic vs.
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